The Way Of Live's: Claims

Showing posts with label Claims. Show all posts

Kenapa mengandung anak luar nikah lebih mudah dalam bersalin?

Di zaman yang serba modern saat ini ternyata fenomena wanita yang hamildiluar nikah bisa kita temui hampir di mana mana. Astagfirullah. hal ini terjadi akibat bebasnya pergaulan anak muda seta prilaku seks bebas yang mereka terapkan, dan akibatnya banyak wanita yang hamil tanpa tahu siapa bapak dari anak yang ia kandung.

Nah anehnya lagi biasa wanita yang sudah hamil diluar nikah ini jika melahirkan atau bersalin selalu mudah lihat saja di berita berita yang mengabarkan jika ada orang yang melahirkan dijalan, di wc bahkan di dalam kamar tanpa ada bantuan orang lain.

Kenapa mengandung anak luar nikah lebih mudah dalam bersalin?

Kata Sorang Ustadz yang mengajar tentang agama, ketakutan membuat seorang gadis terlampau belia, yang terlanjur dapat melahirkan anaknya dengan mudah.

Katanya lagi, mulai dari hubungan yang salah, ketika hamil tidak timbul kepayahan sebagaimana wanita-wanita biasa ketika sedang hamil. ALLAH cabut rasa kepayahan itu sehingga tidak mendapatkan pahala sebagaimana wanita-wanita lain yang bersusah payah ketika hamil hasil pernikahan yang sah.

Kadang-kadang, tanda-tanda sebagai orang hamil juga tidak terlihat. Perutnya tidak nampak besar, dapat pula berjalan dengan gagahnya. Kadang, bisa pergi sekolah dan buat kegiatan lapangan sebagaimana siswa lainnya, sedangkan sebenarnya sedang sarat mengandung. Itu satu lagi nikmat yang dicabut.

Kemudian ketika melahirkan nanti, mudah saja anak itu keluar ke dalam toilet pun bisa selesai. Maka, pahala sakit karena melahirkan anak itu telah diangkat darinya. Wanita biasa, pada keadaan begini harus dibantu oleh bidan yang terampil, itu pun susah dan sakit untuk melahirkan anak, tetapi wanita yang terlanjur itu mudah saja.

Setelah anak itu lahir, mereka sumbatkan ke dalam toilet dan flush! Mengapa sampai begitu kejam? Karena perasaan kasih sayang sudah dicabut darinya.

Jadi, kepada semua gadis, usaha mudah terlampau. Secinta mana pun kamu kepada seorang pria, tidak usah serahkan diri kamu secara yang salah. Kamu akan dihantui perasaan bersalah seumur hidup kamu. KAMU BISA MEMIKAT UNTUK MEMILIKI SECARA SAH.

Apa pun tu semua kuasa Allah SWT dan rezeki masing-masing. Ada juga yang dapat rezeki mudah bersalin. Wallahua’lam

The year-zero face: is 36 the perfect age for a woman?

The year-zero face: is 36 the perfect age for a woman? - A cocktail of fillers, Botox and chemical peels can freeze your features at 30-something. For a woman like Demi Moore, approaching 50, this is understandable. But why would a girl barely out of her teens deliberately want to look "done"? Welcome to the year-zero face…

Let me pinpoint the very moment the world first became aware of the ageless, year-zero face: it was under the Louvre at Paris Fashion Week as 2009 drew to a smoky close. On the Ungaro catwalk, jewel-toned bolero jackets and sequinned nipple tassels were shown, before the label's "artistic advisor" Lindsay Lohan appeared. There were gasps from the front row and a thud of damp applause. It wasn't just the clothes, though they were difficult, described by the Guardian as "the first [collection] that could be happily summed up on Twitter", it was Lohan's face.

Lindsay Lohan… real age: 24; face age: 36. Photograph: Sipa Press/Rex Features

She had a forehead so taut and shiny it looked like an iPhone 4. Her lips were inflated to the size of a melting Twix, and her cheekbones looked as if they were climbing her jaw in order to dive to their death. Each change to her then 23-year-old face seemed to nod towards youth, but in fact imply age. This isn't to say she looked old – as she bounced down the catwalk, her hair streaming behind her, she seemed to have transcended age – she looked like lamb dressed as mutton dressed as duck.

Though traditionally cosmetic surgery has been used to make patients look younger, doctors are noticing a trend for women wanting to simply look "done". Rather than chase youthfulness with a scalpel, some seem to be choosing instead to fix their faces at a certain age (celebrity dermatologist Gervaise Gerstner suggests many women settle for 36) and maintain the look with injectable fillers and cosmetic treatments.

While few celebrities, Lohan included, will admit to having had cosmetic surgery, the surgeons themselves are outspoken. "It's a matter of the right procedure on the wrong girl at the wrong time," New York plastic surgeon Douglas Steinbrech told W magazine. "There's this new mentality that if you do not look a little bit fake, then the surgeon hasn't done his job. This used to be a much more prevalent idea on the west coast, but now you walk up Madison Avenue and you see these young girls with that cloned, cougar-like face. Either they don't know what they look like, or they want to look like they've had something done."

Heidi Montag... real age: 24; face age: 36. Photograph: Rex Features

There's nothing new in celebrities having cosmetic surgery, but the age at which they start is falling fast. Last year actress Charice Pempengco, 18, had Botox to look "fresh" for her role in Glee, and reality star Heidi Montag, 24, famously had 10 procedures in 10 hours. She later conceded that all the surgery makes "hugging" difficult.

In America, patients under 34 account for 20% of Botox procedures and chemical peels, and over 9,000 breast enhancement operations are carried out on girls aged 13 to 19. The move to look ageless though, rather than younger, is recent, with women today encouraged by some practices to get "preventative" Botox injections. But the more you get, some women are finding, the older you look.

British consultant plastic surgeon Norman Waterhouse thinks the year-zero face is the effect of fillers being overused. "When Botox is used with subtlety and finesse, the woman shouldn't look 'filled', she should just look less tired," he says. "And using fillers expands the skin, so if you use a lot, then as it disappears you eventually need more to plump it out, so you get trapped in a Botox cycle.

Of course," he continues, "there are a little subset of women who get work that astonishes me, turning themselves into a parody of feminine beauty – the 'party tits', the 'ice-rink Botox', where your face is completely flat and shiny, but that, I think, is missing the point."

Those who balance it right, pap photos suggest, achieve the look of the golden, ageless age: 36. "Some people wake up at 42 and realise they need to return to 36," says Gerstner. Demi Moore is 48, but, having allegedly had £200,000-worth of surgery (including a knee lift) looks at least a decade younger. "But the people who end up looking best have been planning for it all along." She recommends an expensive programme of Botox, lip fillers, laser skin resurfacing and glycolic peels for maintenance, all of which, administered well, promise to keep even the tautest 23-year-old looking like a 30-something with a year-zero face. ( guardian.co.uk )

Harley-Davidson to build bikes in India

Harley-Davidson to build bikes in India -- Harley-Davidson, the iconic American motorcycle brand with a cult-like following, has announced it has chosen to build its second assembly plant ever outside the United States in India.

The "complete knock down" plant or CKD is expected to be up and running in the northern Indian state of Haryana in first half of 2011. Parts made in America will be put together for the Indian market in Haryana.

"What we are doing is made in USA, assembled in India, which will have a positive job effect back home which is why we are driving this investment as quickly as we are," Anoop Prakash managing director for Harley Davidson India told CNN.

The company is trying to expand its brand internationally from 30 to 40 percent by 2014 according to Prakash and India plays an important role in that.

"We see a distinctive credible growth story here, growth opportunity," he said.

India is the second fastest growing two-wheeler market in the world behind China. More than 10 million two-wheelers were sold in India in the 2009-2010 fiscal year.

Beyond the obvious market potential there is another major reason Harley-Davidson is building an assembly plant in India -- to bring down India's import duties which right now are so high Indian consumers pay double for fully assembled imported vehicles.

Exporting just the parts to India could lower the import duty tariffs by around 40 percent, according to Prakash.

Harley-Davidson's story in India began in 2007 with a trade agreement that allowed India to export mangoes to America in exchange for allowing the United States to export Harley-Davidsons to India.

The company said it is on target to sell 200-250 bikes in the first six months in India. The high-end bikes went on sale in the county in July 2010.

Gurgaon resident Vikram Bhalla was the first to ride off with one in India.

"I've always wanted a Harley when I was growing up. I had little posters on my wall. I remember seeing Harley-Davidson and the Marlborough man, remember the old movies. It made people look so cool, so I thought why not?" Bhalla said.

The company hopes there are many more people like Bhalla in the India market. Harley-Davidson is opening its fifth dealership in Bangalore, India this month. (CNN)

Tres strikes contra las mujeres curvilíneas

Tres strikes contra las mujeres curvilíneas - ¿Modelos de pasarela que usan tallas de dos dígitos? ¿Christina Hendricks como el factor sensual en "Mad Men"? Las chicas curvilíneas nos encantan. Pero no hay que engañarnos. En general, la vida sigue siendo más fácil para los esbeltos. Otro estudio subraya la realidad de que las mujeres altas y delgadas (puntos extras por cinturas diminutas y brazos largos) son consideradas más atractivas. Y a pesar de toda la evidencia científica nueva sobre las causas de la obesidad, parece ser que el desagrado hacia el peso tiene varias capas de profundidad en la psique estadounidense. De hecho, hace poco se hizo evidente que las mujeres pagan un precio alto por tener unos kilos de más.

Primer strike - Sueldos menos sustanciosos

Las mujeres obesas ganan casi un 6 por ciento menos que las mujeres más delgadas por desempeñar exactamente la misma labor, de acuerdo a Rebecca Puhl, directora de investigación en el Centro Rudd para Política Alimenticia y Obesidad en la Universidad de Yale. "Ese castigo salarial ha sido consistentemente documentado", señala. "Es bastante pronunciado". Lo que sí es novedad es que no afecta tanto a los hombres. Un estudio que acaba de dar a conocer la Universidad George Washington, divide los castigos salariales de la forma siguiente: entre las personas obesas, el costo anual es de $4,879 dólares si se es mujer y de sólo $2,646 si se es hombre. Entre los empleados con sobrepeso, la cifra es de $524 en comparación con $432. "Esta disparidad puede atribuirse en gran parte a salarios perdidos y ausentismo laboral", escriben los autores. Pero Puhl señala que el estigma del sobrepeso hace que alguien sea mucho más propenso a padecer depresión y ansiedad, así como a recurrir a conductas poco saludables, lo que a su vez puede tener un impacto en el ausentismo laboral. "Es un círculo vicioso", dice. "Y las mujeres son las más vulnerables".

¿Qué tan vulnerables? El equipo de Puhl publicó estudios en el 2008 donde se muestra que la discriminación no sólo es tres veces más común para las mujeres obesas que para los hombres, sino que inicia en pesos más bajos. "Estamos observando esto en un Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) de alrededor de 27 en las mujeres", indica, en referencia al IMC que, por ejemplo, describiría a una persona de 1.67 metros de estatura que pesa 73 kilos. En los hombres, la discriminación no inicia hasta que el IMC es de por lo menos 35 -la misma altura pero con un peso de 95 kilos.

"Las personas con sobrepeso ya están conscientes de que son desestimadas en el ámbito de la moda y al conseguir citas; saben que los médicos no las tratan tan bien", dice Alice Domar, profesora asistente en la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Harvard y directora ejecutiva del Centro Domar para Mente, Cuerpo y Salud. "Y encima de todo eso, ¿ser discriminadas en el trabajo? Es como hacer leña del árbol caído". Desafortunadamente, los datos de Puhl muestran que los prejuicios contra la gente con sobrepeso están empeorando. "Con la preponderancia del aumento en los niveles de obesidad, uno pensaría que habría más tolerancia en la sociedad", dice. "Y no la hay".

Segundo strike - No espere ayuda si la despiden

Después de trabajar en Hooters durante cinco años, Leanne Convery, de 23 años, recibió la noticia de que debía "hacer que su camisa y shorts extra-pequeños le quedaran más apropiadamente, o sería despedida", de acuerdo a la queja legal que presentó contra la cadena de restaurantes. Convery, una madre soltera de Michigan, dice que le dieron un plazo de 30 días para bajar de peso. Y lo hizo -casi 7 kilos según señala. Pero con una estatura de 1.50 metros y un peso de 52 kilos, de todos modos la despidieron por no pasar su prueba de peso. "Los uniformes vienen en tallas doble extra-chica, extra-chica y chica", comenta su abogado Michael Gatti. "La gente dice, '¿qué esperabas al trabajar en Hooters?'. Lo que uno espera es ser tratado con decencia".

Al menos Convery puede presentar una demanda. Michigan es el único estado con un estatuto por discriminación de peso. Pero no hay una ley nacional para proteger a los empleados. "Cuando no tenemos una legislación sobre esta cuestión, se envía el mensaje de que está bien que los patrones discriminen", dice Puhl. Aunque queda por verse si Hooters tendrá que pagarle a Convery. La compañía ha negado haberle pedido a alguna de sus empleadas en Michigan que bajara de peso, aunque sí aceptó que sus restaurantes ocasionalmente "cuestionan a los empleados sobre su imagen", de acuerdo a Reuters. Convery está solicitando $25,000 en daños.

Tercer strike - Un obstáculo para ascender peldaños profesionales

La Oficina de Auditoría General reportó hace poco que, en el 2007, las mujeres representaban a casi un 40 por ciento del número total de gerentes. Un aumento casi invisible en comparación con un 39 por ciento en el 2000. También hay -y esto no es sorpresa- una brecha salarial de 19 centavos, es decir que las mujeres ganan 81 centavos por cada dólar ganado por sus contrapartes masculinas. De forma todavía más deprimente, a las madres les va peor en este nivel profesional, al ganar sólo 79 dólares por cada dólar que ganan los hombres que son padres. Otro motivo por el que las mujeres no avanzan en el trabajo es que son desalentadas, dice Marie Wilson, fundadora y presidenta de The White House Project, un grupo no lucrativo dedicado a ayudar a que las mujeres alcancen papeles de liderazgo. De acuerdo a reveladoras investigaciones dadas a conocer este año, dice, "las mujeres simplemente no son vistas en una forma que les permita hacer progresos. Así que abandonan el lugar de trabajo porque sienten que no pertenecen ahí o que no están haciendo un trabajo suficientemente bueno".

¿En cuanto al peso? "Dios, actuar como si la apariencia no importara sería terriblemente ingenuo", dice Wilson. "Sigue siendo una cuestión importante. Durante años, hemos tenido que recurrir a usar nuestra belleza o intentar ascender peldaños. La verdad es que, cuando las mujeres tengan poder real, todo este asunto del peso desaparecerá". ( news.yahoo.com )

Y ustedes, ¿alguna vez han sido discriminadas por su peso?

Brit ref Webb is 'most hated'

Clogged ... Howard Webb

Brit ref Webb is 'most hated'. English referee Howard Webb may be the most hated man in Holland today — after handing out a record 15 cards during the World Cup final.

Dutch players blamed the ref for their extra-time defeat to Spain yesterday.

And newspapers in the Netherlands have also rounded on Webb today, branding him a "chump".

An article in AD Sportwereld said: "The Dutch national team perished in the World Cup final — thanks largely to a chump of a referee.

Dishing them out ... Webb

"It was a riveting battle, emerging through the tension but the Philistines were helped by Howard Webb, a controversial referee from England.

"He hopped across the pitch, handing out cards, each time preceding the act with an irritating address of the culprit.

"The teams deserved a referee in top form but that was certainly not the case with Webb.

"Spain's winning goal was understandably celebrated passionately by the Spaniards but the blunder by Webb which came before — he missed an obvious corner for Holland, took the shine off it, at least for the Dutch."

MySun users have also slammed the ref.

One wrote: "In true Howard Webb style, the post-match talk is about him rather than the game. Webb, like most other premier league refs, applies a warped agenda to the games he referees.

"As an Englishman, I am embarrassed that our representative in the final fell for Spanish histrionics."

Another added: "Mrs Webb knew what she was talking about when she was surprised to hear that hubbie Howard was appointed referee for the World Cup final — and said he can't even control his own children.

"What a poor display by this referee. He is to blame for letting the game get completely out of hand.

"Both teams should have left the pitch after the final whistle with 9 players at the most."

Dutch newspaper De Telegraaf noted: "The referee failed to calm the mood in 120 minutes.

"That he was booed at the final ceremony by both the Dutch and Spanish fans was significant."

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However, Fifa President Sepp Blatter has backed the former police sergeant.

Criticism of Webb also appeared in the Spanish media, whose members appeared not to have forgiven him for errors in the group stages.

In El Mundo Deportivo it said: "Holland were able to count on an unexpected ally: referee Howard Webb, who allowed the Dutch to get away with brutal fouls time and time again.

"Holland committed 28 fouls and the referee should have sent off De Jong for a karate kick on Xabi Alonso.

"(Wesley) Sneijder was also let off and Howard Webb failed to award a penalty for a Heitinga foul on Xavi." ( thesun.co.uk )

Real Couple Gripes And Likes

Real Couple Gripes & Likes: The Gripes.

Looking for Cheers"

My husband thinks he's so handy. I'll never forget one time when he mowed the lawn and left our beautiful, plush grass looking like Stevie Wonder had cut it. As if that wasn't bad enough, he wanted to be appreciated for all his hard work. And he was serious!" -- Robin

[Nest Tip] Praise his work or you'll never get him to mow the lawn again!

Breaking the Code

"My husband and I haven’t gotten into a good routine yet for going through our mail. So it builds up, and then he’ll say, ‘We really need to go through the mail.' What this really translates to is: ‘You really need to go through the mail.' He does this 'we' thing with other stuff like doing the dishes, laundry, etc. But 'we' only includes me!" -- Susan

[Nest Tip] Make a joke out of the situation so that your point is clear but doesn't start a crazy fight. Try saying something like, “How come ‘we’ ends up being me? I'm onto your system. But I'll do the mail if you do the dishes -- and then we'll really get something done." Then fill out a chore chart and make sure the mail gets assigned to one of you.

Leaving a Trail

"My wife's most annoying habit is that she's a picker -- she picks her nails, her nail polish, her cuticles. I'm always finding her polish chips on the bottom of the passenger seat of our car." -- Eric

[Nest Tip] Hold her hand every time you catch her picking. Or invest in a Dustbuster.

Blabber Mouth

"My husband can't keep a secret to save his life. He has no sense of holding some things back. For instance, I shared something personal and private about a friend with him, and, naturally, the next time we see her, he blurts it out right in front of her. He'll say, 'Yeah, my wife told me that.' I don't know if he forgets, isn't listening, or just doesn't care." -- Marjorie

[Nest Tip] If you're going to keep sharing, then make a mental note to remind him what he can’t say when you meet up with friends.

Patiently Waiting

"My husband is a huge procrastinator. He's been saying that he's going to clean out the garage since we moved into our house -- and that was more than a year ago! I admit that he's cleaned up some of it, but at this rate, it won’t be completely done until we move again." -- Carol

[Nest Tip] Go over your calendars together and schedule all to-dos -- yours and his. And make sure he knows you'll keep him company while he cleans. You might even lend a hand or two.

Backseat Viewer

"My wife watches TV shows that drive her crazy. She spends the whole hour critiquing everything, from the writing to the camera work, the acting, and even the actors' personal lives. And she wants me to care and be incensed too. I don’t get why she doesn’t just change the channel." -- David

[Nest Tip] Change the channel for her. Or turn off the TV.

Glass Is Half-empty

"My husband clips his fingernails and toenails on the couch and puts the waste in whatever empty cup he was drinking from. It makes getting refills a very dangerous activity!" -- Leah

[Nest Tip] Watch -- and wash -- all drinking devices!

( thenest.com )

Are You Married to a Bedroom Beast?

The Cover Hog

Species: A spouse who unwittingly claims all blankets for themself.

How to tame: Never attempt to wake the cover hog unless you want to be featured on When Animals Attack! To reclaim your covers, grab the blanket and turn your body like a human roller. Or, have two blankets under the duvet so the hog can't get their hooves on what's rightfully yours.

The Night Owl

Species: A TV-watching, book-reading, lights-on menace to your sleep.

How to tame: It’s hard to keep a bird in a cage, but this one needs limits. Once you close your eyes, your night owl should be allowed to read or watch the tube for a limited time frame -- 15 minutes or less. Beyond that, they need to venture outside the bedroom and complete all activities in closed captioning (hint, hint).

The Hyena

Species: A mate who won’t stop snoring.

How to tame: Gently nudging the hyena is allowed, as it can rouse the humming, wheezing, jabbering animal for temporary relief. For chronic snorers, try breathing strips or go to bed early so you're already asleep before the midnight howling begins. P.S. There's always the couch.

The Octopus

Species: A hands-on touchy feeler who invades the coveted bed-space of their innocent, unsuspecting mate.

How to tame: Sometimes a cuddle is just that. Your mate needs affection, but it doesn’t have to last forever. Start the night off with five minutes of close hugs, a light massage, or a little hand-holding. The prize: The other person falls asleep, and eventually you can kick him to the curb and reclaim your space again. Zzzz...

The Stink Bug

Species: This partner (let's face it, we're talking about you) finds great joy in creating smelly situations under the covers. The victim is often unaware and tricked into bed.

How to tame: Have a good laugh and then grow up. Unless there’s an illness behind the rumblings (or a spicy meal), ask that all gas be passed before entering the bedroom and an effort be made to aim out the blast with minimal disruption. Keep room spray handy and don't forget to say your prayers. ( thenest.com )

Church's bill to hit €20m after latest sex claims

Church's bill to hit €20m after latest sex claims. The compensation bill for victims of child abuse in the Dublin diocese is set to double to more than €20m, the Irish Independent has learned.

The total is likely to soar after shocking details of abuse by paedophile priests were made public over the weekend.

The report of the Commission of Investigation into child abuse -- which will be presented to the Cabinet today -- will detail further evidence of horrific abuse involving priests in the Dublin diocese.

It also criticises the failure of the Church to report the litany of cases to the gardai.

The archdiocese has so far identified up to 450 victims who were abused as children dating back as far as 1940. In all, 120 civil actions were taken against 35 Dublin priests or priests who held positions in the diocese.

The 94 cases they have settled to date cost the diocese €7.3m in compensation and a further €3.2 in legal fees.

However, sources close to Archbishop Diarmuid Martin last night said the final payout will be double this figure.

The report has found Dr Martin's predecessors -- John Charles McQuaid, Dermot Ryan, Kevin McNamara and Desmond Connell -- were all aware of the complaints of sexual abuse involving priests in the Dublin diocese, but failed to report it to gardai.

Shocked

The report says Dr Connell was shocked at the extent of the abuse within the diocese. But he was slow to recognise the seriousness of the situation and failed to realise that clerical sex abusers could not be dealt with in secret.

However, his reputation could be partially rehabilitated as he is credited with reintroducing internal Church tribunals designed to put abusing clerics on secret trial leading to their removal -- defrocking --from the priesthood.

Cardinal Connell maintained his silence yesterday after the leaked report criticised his handling of the abuses.

A housekeeper at his Dublin home re-directed all queries to the archbishop's residence.

The Dublin diocese also declined to answer queries about the report's findings.

Archbishop Martin yesterday met with other senior bishops in Maynooth to prepare the agenda for next month's meeting of the hierarchy.

However, a spokesperson for Dr Martin insisted the bishops did not discuss details of the leaked Commission of Investigation report.

Assets

Meanwhile, a separate report will reveal how religious orders will be able to use more of their assets to compensate victims of abuse by brothers and nuns.

The report, which is also due to be published shortly, was delivered to Education Minister Batt O'Keeffe two weeks ago.

However, further information has been sought from individual orders about their assets and how they can increase their contribution to compensation.

The report was compiled by a three-person panel, chaired by Frank Daly, former chairman of the Revenue Commissioners. They were asked to assess the resources of the religious orders after the public outcry following the publication of the Ryan report six months ago.

Former minister Dr Michael Woods had capped the liability of the religious orders and congregations at €128m, although the cost to the state is estimated at a massive €1.3bn.

But the delay in publishing the assets' report was criticised by Fine Gael last night.

"Legislation is urgently needed to address the making of additional financial contributions by religious orders and congregations for the benefit of victims of institutional child abuse," the party's children's spokesman Alan Shatter said.

The minister last night said he hoped to publish the report "soon".

"The Government will consider the matter, in consultation with representatives of the survivors and the congregations, in the light of an offer from the congregations and the report of the panel," he said.( @independent news )

Scholar claims he has found real Shakespeare

Scholar claims he has found real Shakespeare. A GERMAN academic claims to have uncovered the most conclusive evidence to date that the works of William Shakespeare were in fact written by Edward de Vere, the 17th Earl of Oxford.

Kurt Kreiler's 595-page book, 'The Man who Invented Shakespeare', has been published in Germany to some critical acclaim and an English translation is planned for next year.

A German scholar claims that the works attributed to William Shakespeare were actually written by Edward de Vere, the 17th Earl of Oxford. Photo: Getty Images

Over 22 chapters, Mr Kreiler, an established Shakespeare scholar, builds a mountain of circumstantial evidence in support of the idea that the world has been honouring the wrong man for centuries.

He claims de Vere's known works and letters show a strong Shakespearean style and also points to the earl's nickname at court: "Spear-shaker". Mr Kreiler says the earl graduated from Cambridge aged just 14; mastered law and Italian; and would have had a wide-ranging knowledge of the upper classes -- in contrast to the lowly born William Shakespeare. All this, he concludes, means de Vere was well placed to write works such as 'The Merchant of Venice', and 'Romeo and Juliet'.

Mr Kreiler also believes 'Hamlet' was an almost autobiographical play about the earl's life. De Vere's father-in-law, William Cecil, Lord Burghley, is said to be have been parodied as the character Polonius.

"It is interesting to note that his nickname at court was Spear-shaker, due to his ability both at tournaments and because his coat of arms featured a lion brandishing spear."

"Edward De Vere also lived in the same area as Shakespeare and scrutiny of specific stanzas he wrote show their style was not copied anywhere else at the time, except in what we call Shakespearean poems."

Critics of the theory argue that de Vere's death in 1604 means he would not have been aware of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 and the wreck of the 'Sea Venture' in Bermuda in 1609, which are thought to be alluded to in 'Macbeth' and 'The Tempest' respectively. (© Daily Telegraph, London)